How was Sudwala Caves discovered historically?

Sudwala Caves' existence was known to prehistoric humans for millions of years, with Homo habilis stone tools dating back 1.8-2.5 million years found inside, indicating early shelter use. Local Swazi prince Somquba, son of King Sobhuza I, rediscovered and fortified them in the early 1860s during rebellion against his brother King Mswati II. Fleeing conflict, Somquba and followers retreated to the narrow-mouthed caves as a natural fortress stocked with cattle, food, and water. His chief induna (captain) Sudwala guarded the entrance—his name (from Sidvwaba) enduring despite Boer mispronunciation. Mswati's forces tried smoking them out with fires (burn marks remain), but mysterious cave airflow saved them until Boer commandos rescued Somquba. The site opened to tourists post-1914 guano mining.